Data Types

Numeric

Data Type	Description
TINYINT	Small integer, range: -128 to 127 or 0 to 255 (unsigned).
SMALLINT	Larger range than TINYINT, range: -32,768 to 32,767.
MEDIUMINT	Medium integer, range: -8,388,608 to 8,388,607.
INT or INTEGER	Standard integer, range: -2,147,483,648 to 2,147,483,647.
BIGINT	Large integer, range: -9,223,372,036,854,775,808 to 9,223,372,036,854,775,807.
DECIMAL	Fixed-point numbers with exact precision, e.g., salaries or monetary values.
FLOAT	Floating-point numbers (approximate precision).
DOUBLE	Larger floating-point numbers than FLOAT (also approximate).
BIT	Used for storing bit values, e.g., binary data like 1010.

In Terms of Capacity

TINYINT < SMALLINT < MEDIUMINT < INT < BIGINT

In Terms of Precision Handling

FLOAT < DOUBLE < DECIMAL

String

Data Type	Description
CHAR	Fixed-length string, up to 255 characters.
VARCHAR	Variable-length string, up to 65,535 characters (depending on row size).
TINYTEXT	Short text, up to 255 characters.
MEDIUMTEXT	Medium-length text, up to 16,777,215 characters.
TEXT	Long text data, used for large strings (e.g., articles or comments).
LONGTEXT	Very long text, up to 4,294,967,295 characters.
BLOB	Binary Large Object, used for binary data like images or files.
ENUM	String object with predefined values, e.g., 'small', 'medium', 'large'.
SET	String object storing multiple predefined values (comma-separated).

In Short

CHAR → VARCHAR → TINYTEXT → TEXT → MEDIUMTEXT → LONGTEXT

Date and Time

Data Type	Description
YEAR	Stores the year in 4-digit format, e.g., 2024.
TIME	Stores time in HH:MM:SS format.
DATE	Stores date in YYYY-MM-DD format.
DATETIME	Stores both date and time in YYYY-MM-DD HH:MM:SS format.
TIMESTAMP	Similar to DATETIME, but it automatically updates with the current date/time when modified.